http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/14540 2026-04-09T15:34:53Z 2026-04-09T15:34:53Z Vickneswaran, G. http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15252 2025-09-06T22:16:50Z 2022-08-31T00:00:00Z

Relocated Housing Schemes and Women's Vulnerability: A Sociological Study of Tsunami Relocated Housing Schemes in Eastern Sri Lanka Vickneswaran, G. This study undertakes to critically investigate the issues of relocated women by considering five indicators such as land, livelihood, social infrastructure, security, and community organization. The main objective of the study is to analyze how the anomalies of relocated housing schemes exacerbate the vulnerability in such social environments. The specific objectives of study are to characterize women's roles in participatory recovery efforts, to show the nature of community organizing patterns in relocated communities, and to assess the suitability of methods to women's socioeconomic empowerment in relocated places. The empirical data collection was limited to selected Tsunami-affected relocated areas in the Trincomalee, Batticaloa, and Ampara districts of Sri Lanka, and the qualitative data was primarily collected through personal and group interviews, and study of the case histories of the relocated women. The study could observe that, women's voices were mainly ignored in recovery initiatives, and women in relocated areas were unable to communicate their special interests in the design of reconstruction and rehabilitation programs. In the emerging homogenous and heterogeneous social fabrics, asymmetric power relations have developed among all types of stratified categories of individuals, effectively marginalizing women; furthermore, the displacement resulted in the loss of impacted people's conventional sources of income, and their new environs made it difficult for them to adapt new livelihoods. The study finds that as a result of this predicament, women became more reliant on their male household members, who appeared to be the only possible breadwinners in such anomalous social contexts, and concludes that, women became increasingly vulnerable to violence as a result of weak community organizing, laxity in social control, and fissure in solidarity. The study emphasizes the need for post-disaster participatory development initiatives in relocated settlements to adapt their approaches.

2022-08-31T00:00:00Z Gukan, K. http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15250 2025-09-06T22:16:49Z 2022-08-31T00:00:00Z

Prose Poems of Bharathi in Tamil Poetic Tradition Gukan, K. Prose Poems are a type of poems which are not bound by prosody. Barathiyar has been the pioneer of this type of poetry in Tamil. Influenced by Sanskrit and Vedi hymns, he patterned his poetry on vedic mantra to write about objects of nature. Unbound by prosody, and characterized by a form which least resembles conventional poetry, they were composed in prose language which atypically carried the feeling brimful. It is to be noted that these prose poems are replete with imagery, symbolism, contrast, and irony which are usually deemed as effecting poetic element in New Poetry. In a time when there was not much understanding of such subtleties as this, Barathy has been thought to be the pioneer of this type of poetry. In this context of obscurity, this study analyses the aspects & causal circumstances of this genre. The study employs descriptive methodology, and comparison where relevant & necessary, especially when attributes of prose poems are discussed alongside to those of New Poetry. The study emphasizes that, just as Barathy disregarded prosody when writing prose poetry, poets of New Poetry too ignored the prosody. The study underlines the fact that, these poetic strategies are crucial only to New Poetry compared to Prose Poetry.

2022-08-31T00:00:00Z Prahasan, Marimuthu http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15249 2025-09-06T22:16:25Z 2002-08-31T00:00:00Z

Animal Wellfare and Protection in the Deontological and Utilitarian Perspective – A Critical Analysis Prahasan, Marimuthu Efforts to protect the welfare and rights of enslaved Africans and women throughout the world are significant in the development of human civilization. Benefits of these efforts, which have a long history, are now widely enjoyed. One such recent effort is aimed at protecting the welfare and rights of animals. Various philosophical attributes have historically contributed to the attitude that animals are intended as human property and commodities for consumption. These theories are also expressions of ideas that have been embedded in the human subconscious through its long historical development. At the same time, thoughts for the welfare and protection of animals also have been expressed by philosophers themselves. Among these are Deontological theory put forward by Immanuel Kant and Utilitarianism put forward by Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill are more prominent. These are two different views; the first suggests that animals are natural resources for human consumption, and the second suggests animals have the right to free life without human intervention. In this background, this study aims to examine the viable activities that humans can undertake in contemporary animal welfare in the guise of theories on how to reach a possible common ground between these two contradictory positions. The issue under scrutiny here lies in how it is possible for humans to advance their interests and undermine the interests of animals. This research is a qualitative one that use secondary data. This research intends to know the religious concepts that protect the welfare of animals, concepts promote the use of animals as commodities and consumer goods, and possible activities that could be developed from the religious teachings to protect the welfare and rights of animal

2002-08-31T00:00:00Z Chandrakumar, S. http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15248 2025-09-06T22:16:48Z 2022-08-31T00:00:00Z

The Politics of Ravana Character Structure used in The Rama Drama Koothu Text Chandrakumar, S. Koothu theatre is an art with the aesthetic technique, that links people who are involved in social activities. This is formed through the connection of the people in their life style, majorly centered on their activities. The role casting of Ravana has been structured as a role against Rama in the story of Ramayana. There is a strong manipulation of depicting Rama with good moral character, chastity and helping personality while structuring Ravana as with merciless, injustice, lechery and as an aggression. In Koothu, the role of Ravana has been created according to the dominant mentality of Aryans, depending on the Valmiki Ramayana. It is said that the Valmiki Ramayana has blunted the bravery, culture and reigning personality of Ravana, and it has strengthened the manipulative concept of Aryans. Because, in the historical perspective, it is mentioned that Ravana is a brave person; a devotee of Shiva; a Musician; a king who had reigned with ten crowns; an intelligent person; possessed the knowledge in Physics, Literature, and Mathematics as well as had fraternal affection. However, without considering this historical role casting, Ravana has been depicted in an inappropriately structured social, cultural and political context. The objective of this study is to expose the role of Ravana as really structured by the dominance of social cultural politics. Seeking an answer to the question as to why was Ravana not structured as a person with good moral character serves as the driving force behind this study. In order to achieve this end, descriptive methodology and comparative methodology are being used to tease out the lack of clarity. While the text of Rama Drama constitutes the primary source, field study, publications/websites which showcase popular beliefs and the Koothu performances have been used as secondary sources.

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