http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/123456789/13496 2026-04-07T06:05:19Z 2026-04-07T06:05:19Z Suthamathy, N Seran, T.H. http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15283 2025-09-06T22:16:07Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of cattle manure, coir dust and paddy husk ash on physical and chemical properties of potting media. Suthamathy, N; Seran, T.H. An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy farm of the Eastern University, Sri Lanka ot study the efect of organic manures on physical and chemical properties of media used ni pot culture technique. Thre different types of organic manures (cattle manure, coir dust and paddy husk ash) were tested and soil type used for this experiment si sandy regosol. The experiment was laid ou! ni a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. Different types of poting media were prepared yb mixing of poting materials tadiferent ratio (viv) such sa such sa medium IT,) used as control contained sandy soil only, meduim - 2(T,) contained sandy soil: catle manure at ratio of 3:), medium -3(T,) contained sandy soil: catle manure: coir dust at ratio of 6:2:1, medium - 4 (T,) contained sandy soil: cattle manure: paddy husk ash at ratio of 6:2:1 and medium-S (T,) contained sandysoil: catle manure: coir dust: paddy huskashatratio of 12:4:):1. Soit testing was done ni two stages vie day on media preparation and four weeks after media preparation. Disturbed soil sample was colected from each medium and its both physical and chemical properties were estimated. The results indicated that organic manures have significant effect on hte properties of potting media. Addition of organic manures restilted ni the improvement of physical properties such as water holding capacity, particle density, bulk density and porosity and chemical propertiessuch as pH, nutrients content (P and K), organic matter contentand electrical conductivity of poting media. Among tested materials, paddy husk ash increased pH and nutrients content (P and K) of media distinctly and improved other properties such water holding capacity, electrical conductivity and porosity ot optimum level. Medium (T,) contained sandy soil, cattle manure and paddy husk ash at ratio of 6:2: 1showed highestsoil Hp (7.4), Pcontent (77 mg/kg) and Kcontent (88 mg/kg). Usage of paddy husk ash as apoting material with sandy soil and cattle manure for media preparation ni pot culture technique would improve both physical and chemical properties of medium and provide favourable condition for root establishment and crop growth

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Srikrishnah, S. Seran, T.H. Geretharan, T. http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/1234/15282 2025-09-06T22:17:15Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Factors influencing the selection and utilization of vegetable seeds in Manmunai South and Eruvil Pattu D.S. Division of Batticaloa. Srikrishnah, S.; Seran, T.H.; Geretharan, T. Good quality seeds are important for successful vegetable cultivation ni Sri Lanka. Proper identification of agronomic practices currently being adopted by the farmers ni selection, utilization and storage of seeds would help ot improve that practices. As such, a study was conducted ot find the socio economic status, problems and agronomic practices adopted by the vegetable farmers ni selection and utilization of seeds ni Manmunai South and Eruvil Pattu D. S. division of Baticaloa district. This survey was carried out from April ot May 209 using structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed statistically. The results of the survey indicated that. most of hte respondents (50%) were only completed primary and intermediate level of education and majority of respondents were (88 %) ful time farmers. Higher percentage (96%) of farmers were having own land area for cultivation. Major problems faced by the vegetable farmers were heavy incidence of pests and diseases followed by low profit and low yield. More than 38.5 % of the respondents relied on their own experience to select seeds and 42% of the respondents were using their own seeds for cultivation. They select the crops for seed purpose based on the characteristics like pest and disease resistance (36%), vigour (32%) and high yield (26%). Very few percentage (7%) of farmers purchased seeds from private dealers. When purchasing seeds they gave priority for price (31%). Germination test was being done by 46% of the respondents. Most of the farmers (70%) performed seed treatments before planting such as soaking ni water, fungicide treatment etc. Majority of the respondents (60%) stored their seeds at room temperature. nI conclusion, most of the farmers ni the study area were still using conventional practices ni selection, utilization and storage of seeds. Education level of the farmers is also one of the factors, which contributes for this situation. As such, awareness of farmers ni Manmunai South and Eruvil Pattu D. S. division of Batticaloa district regarding seeds should be improved to increase their production. Remedial actions should be taken ot overcome the problems faced by the vegetable farmers in the study area

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z M, Yogendran M, Sugitharan S, PAthmarajah http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/123456789/13623 2025-09-06T21:52:05Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Variation in The Quality of Irrigation Water With Increasing Distance From Sea: A Case Study in Kaluthawala Villege Of Batticaloa M, Yogendran; M, Sugitharan; S, PAthmarajah Ground water is the source for irrigation in the coastal area of Batticaloa district. Intensive crop cultivation is occurring in some villages in the coastal areas namely, Kaluthawalai, Chettipalayam, Kaluwanchikudi etc. and farmers have no idea about the quality of irrigation water they use. Considering the general problems with irrigation water in the coastal area, the present investigation was carried out with a view of assessing the irrigation water quality closer to the seashore in Kaluthawalai village. Irrigation watersamples werecollected during July toAugust2008. Samplings were done four times in 2 weeks interval and those were analyzed for chemical parameters. The quality characteristics of water collected at different locations were compared and correlated with the distance from the sea. Results showed that the pH greater than 7.0 indicating the alkaline nature and vulnerable to irrigation. The EC values increased with the increase in distance from the sea but not reached the permissible level. All the samples were under C3 class (EC=0.75-2.25dS/m) according to the electrical conductivity values that indicating the moderate salinity will lead to increasing problem during continuous irrigation with this water. The concentrations of cations in water indicated that Ca was the dominant ion followed by Na and Mg. Total dissolved solids, cation concentration, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Ca/Mg Ratio of irrigation water in the study area were within the tolerant limit. There is non-significant relationship was observed between water quality parameters with the distance from the sea. Further, it is revealed that the groundwater of the study area is likely suitable for irrigation with the management practices against the salinity problem. However, over exploitation of ground water may lead to salt water intrusion near coastal area of the village

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z M, Vinobaba P, Vinobaba P.J, Jude S, Dharshini S.N, Surendhran http://www.digital.lib.esn.ac.lk//handle/123456789/13621 2025-09-06T21:52:04Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Species Composition Of Mosquitoes and The Risk of Dengue Fever in The Batticaloa District M, Vinobaba; P, Vinobaba; P.J, Jude; S, Dharshini; S.N, Surendhran Mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health problem in Sri Lanka causing high morbidity and mortality. The parasitic diseases such as Malaria and Filariasis are mainly vectored by Anopheles culicifacies Giles and Culex quinquefasciatus Say respectively. The transmission of viral disease such as Japanese encephalitis is mediated by Culex tritaenorhynchus Giles and Dengue and Chikungunya are transmitted by Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse.Adramatic increase in the reported cases of Dengueand DengueHaemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Sri Lanka has been observed in recent years. Nearly 23,656 suspected cases with over 237 deathswerereportedduringthe32week periodof theyear2009.(Source:EpidemiologyUnit, SriLanka). In this background, the present study was carried out from June 2008 to end of February 2009 in Urban, Suburban and Paddy field areas in the Batticaloa districts to record the mosquito species and to relate the risk of mosquito borne viral and protozoan diseases. Outdoor Cattle Baited Hut (CBH) and Cattle Baited Net (CBN) collection of adult mosquitoes were made and collected adult mosquitoes were analyzed for their species composition. Out break of Dengue was correlated with the spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in both indoor and outdoor ovitrap collections in the Batticaloa Urban areas and the Chenkalady Suburban areas. During the study period, five species of Anopheles sp, four Culex sp, one species of Mansonia sp and Armigerous sp and twoAedes sp were identified. In addition, larvivorous predator mosquitoes such as Lutzia sp (subgenus of Culex) and Toxorhynchites sp were also collected. Among these identified mosquitoes, An.subpictus was the predominant species contributing the maximum of 33% in September in Urbanareaswhile 32%and16%in Suburban and Paddyfieldareasrespectively. Aedes aegypti was the predominant species in the outdoor collection in Batticaloa Urban area and in the indoor collection in Chenkalady Suburban area. Statistical analysis indicated that the highest values for Aedes aegypti, with mean value of 157.6± 19(SE), from outdoor collection in Batticaloa Urban areas and from indoor collection in Chenkalady Suburban areas with mean value of191.55±22.70 (SE). The study also revealed a correlation between the Dengue fever records and the presence of Aedes aegypti in the Batticaloa Urban area. The vector management practices should be designed based on the spatio-temporal relationships with vector species with active participation of the public and health education.

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z