இந்து சமயத்திலும் இஸ்லாமிய சமயத்திலும் கெடுதி பற்றிய பிரச்சினை – ஒரு ஒப்பீட்டாய்வு

Abstract

The problem of evil is one of the significant problems being discussed in the realm of philosophy of religion and this problem has importance in ethics as well. Recent studies revealed that issues related to evil are still unanswerable to date and this condition was created by Christianity and Zoroastrianism. The problem of evil in the Eastern Philosophical traditions was not much influential as in the Western philosophical and religious systems due to the former ones have assimilated the existence of God and evil as non-contradictory elements into their systems. Even though the Islamic religion shares many characteristics with Christianity as Semitic tradition. The problem of evil was not seriously conceived in the Islamic religion even though Islam upholds monotheism. In this background, this study compares and analyses the problem of evil in the two religions (Hinduism and Islam) which originated in different social and cultural contexts. For Hinduism, this study limits its scope to Saiva Siddhanta, the prominent philosophical development of Hinduism, and the problem of Evil narrated in the Holy Quran of Islam. For Saiva Siddhanta, Three malas (three impurities) are conceived as evils and Aanava(ego, I-ness) makes primarily the souls impure. As per Saiva Siddhanta, three Malas ( aanava, kanma and maya) cause for birth and death of souls. Kanma Malam is the basis for the consequences of Birth and maya mala causes for actions of souls by giving the body, organs, the world, and enjoyment. Kanma determines the actions of souls and Saiva Siddhanta conceives that evil is caused by former and present births. It is noteworthy that there are many similar ideas between the two religions on the concept of evil.